How to measure Pulmonary regurgitation Jet Width in PSAX view of Echocardiography

How to measure Pulmonary regurgitation Jet Width in PSAX view of Echocardiography, Here is how you take measurements:

As we know PR jet covering more than 50% of RVOT width suggests severe PR

Measuring the PR jet in the parasternal short-axis (PSAX) view of an echocardiogram:

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Obtain a PSAX view: Position the ultrasound probe to obtain a PSAX view of the aortic valve and left ventricular outflow tract.

2. Identify the PR jet: Look for the PR jet, which appears as a turbulent, high-velocity flow signal originating from the pulmonary valve and directed towards the septum.

3. Measure the PR jet: Measure the PR jet using the following methods:

Diameter Measurement

1. Place the cursor: Place the cursor at the point of maximum jet diameter, usually at the pulmonary valve annulus.

2. Measure the diameter: Measure the diameter of the PR jet at this point.

Other methods to assess PR:

VTI Measurement

1. Place the cursor: Place the cursor at the point of maximum jet velocity, usually at the pulmonary valve annulus.

2. Measure the VTI: Measure the velocity-time integral (VTI) of the PR jet using pulsed-wave Doppler.

Pressure Half-Time Measurement

1. Place the cursor: Place the cursor at the point of maximum jet velocity, usually at the pulmonary valve annulus.

2. Measure the pressure half-time: Measure the pressure half-time (PHT) of the PR jet using continuous-wave Doppler.

Interpretation:

1. PR jet diameter: A diameter ≥2.5 mm is considered abnormal.

2. PR jet VTI: A VTI ≥100 cm is considered abnormal.

3. PR jet PHT: A PHT ≤100 ms is considered abnormal.

Note: These measurements should be interpreted in the context of the patient's clinical presentation and other echocardiographic findings.

Visit Echo Library for more detailed cases >>

Comments

Brugada ECG vs Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block (iRBBB)

Brugada ECG vs Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block (iRBBB) Why this differentiation matters Brugada pattern is a malignant channelopathy associated with sudden cardiac death, while incomplete RBBB is usually a benign conduction variant. Mislabeling Brugada as iRBBB can be fatal; overcalling iRBBB as Brugada can lead to unnecessary anxiety and ICD implantation. --- 1. Basic Definitions Brugada ECG Pattern Primary repolarization abnormality Genetic sodium-channel disorder Characteristic ST-segment elevation in V1–V3 Risk of ventricular fibrillation and sudden death Incomplete RBBB (iRBBB) Depolarization abnormality Delay in right ventricular conduction Common in healthy individuals Usually asymptomatic and benign --- 2. ECG Morphology: Side-by-Side Comparison QRS Duration Brugada: QRS usually <120 ms iRBBB: QRS <120 ms, but with RBBB morphology --- V1–V2 Pattern (Key Differentiator) Brugada Pseudo-RBBB appearance ST elevation ≥2 mm ST segment is coved or saddleback Terminal QRS bl...

Acute Treatment of Hyperkalemia

Acute Treatment of Hyperkalemia – A Practical, Bedside-Oriented Guide Hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening electrolyte abnormality that demands prompt recognition and decisive management. The danger lies not only in the absolute potassium value but in its effects on cardiac conduction, which can rapidly progress to fatal arrhythmias. Acute treatment focuses on three parallel goals: stabilizing the cardiac membrane, shifting potassium into cells, and removing excess potassium from the body. Understanding this stepwise approach helps clinicians act quickly and rationally in emergency settings. Why Hyperkalemia Is Dangerous Potassium plays a key role in maintaining the resting membrane potential of cardiac myocytes. Elevated serum potassium reduces the transmembrane gradient, leading to slowed conduction, ECG changes, ventricular arrhythmias, and asystole. Importantly, ECG changes do not always correlate with potassium levels, so treatment decisions should be based on clinical c...

𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙤𝙖𝙜𝙪𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝘼𝙛𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙎𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙠𝙚

𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙤𝙖𝙜𝙪𝙡𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝘼𝙛𝙩𝙚𝙧 𝙎𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙠𝙚 in Patient with AF and acute IS/TIA European Heart Association Guideline recommends: • 1 days after TIA • 3 days after mild stroke • 6 days after moderate stroke • 12 days after severe stroke Early anticoagulation can decrease a risk of recurrent stroke and embolic events but may increase a risk of secondary hemorrhagic transformation of brain infarcts. The 1-3-6-12-day rule is a known consensus with graded increase in delay of anticoagulation between 1 and 12 days after onset of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack(TIA), according to neurological severity based on European expert opinions. However, this rule might be somewhat later than currently used in a real-world practical setting.

Dr. Usman's Cardiology Notes

Search This Blog