Dr. Usman's Cardiology Notes

  Okay, in this article, we re just kinda condense and talk very briefly about some of the things that weren t covered in the disease specific videos relating to the cardiac system and some of the things that you really need to know. So, this is gonna bring about a lot of kind of electic is gonna seem a little bit random but we re gonna talk about the things that you really need to know for NCLEX just as quick points, okay? So, first of all, heart rate. What is a normal heart rate? Well, we all know that normal heart rate is 60-100. Sinus tachycardia is gonna be over 100 beats per minute and Sinus bradycardia is gonna be less than 60 beats per minute. And the way that we re obviously gonna assess that is gonna be through our EKG, we have our P, Q, R, S, and T. This is gonna be one complete cardiac cycle. This is the mechanical representation of one complete cardiac cycle and we re looking, hoping that our patients are between 60 - 100 beats per minute. That s gonna be normal. Sinus...

This Left Heart Cath video is showing Right Coronary Artery (RCA) originating from mid portion of Left Anterior descending artery (LAD), which is a rare finding.

This Cath lab procedure is showing Embolized ASD (Atrial Septal Defect) Device and its retrieval by Snare Technique.

Angiography showing Ligation of MAPCAs (Major aortopulmonary collateral arteries)

Angiography (Aortogram) showing Coarctation of the Aorta.

Coronary Angiography showing Clot in Left Main Stem and Left Circumflex artery.

Left Ventricle (LV) Angiogram showing Air in Left Ventricle. (Air embolism)

Coronary Angiography showing Aberrant origin of LAD and LCX from RCA.

Left heart cath showing Left Ventricular (LV) mid cavity obstruction on Ventriculogram.

This Cath video is showing Pulmonary Stenosis (PS) on ventriculography, note the post stenotic dilatation.

This cath video is showing Severe Aortic Regurgitation (AR) on Ventriculogram.

This cath video is showing Severe Mitral Regurgitation (MR) on Ventriculogram.

Left Heart cath showing Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Left Heart Cath showing Left Ventricular (LV) aneurysm on ventriculogram.

Left Heart Cath showing Dissection of Right coronary artery (RCA)

This fluoroscopy video is showing a Disc thrombosis of a Mitral Valve (MV) prosthesis.

This Left Heart Cath is showing an Anomalous Right coronary artery (RCA) originating from left main stem (LMS).

    RAO projection demonstrating a "spade"-shaped left ventricular (LV) cavity, suggestive of apical variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Contrast agent appears dark and defines the narrow channel-like apical cavity (white arrow). At the apex, there is increased myocardial thickness (black arrows). Also seen are the dual-chamber pacemaker leads (asterisks). Watch Video below:   Pulse Wave Doppler of HCM Vs Aortic Stenosis: PW doppler pattern differs because of dynamic obstruction of LVOT as compared to fixed aortic valve stenosis, resulting in dagger shapped profile in HCM as shown in the image below. Spade shaped Left Ventricle in Apical variant of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (or Yamaguchi HCM) Apical HCM is uncommon form of HCM which is seen most frequently in Japanese patients (25% of all HCM cases in Japan and 1-2% outside japan). It is characterized by localised hypertrophy of LV apex, causing a “spade-shaped” configuration of the LV cavity on ventriculograp...