Dr. Usman's Cardiology Notes

  Post-Ventricular Atrial Refractory Period (PVARP ): • PVARP is a programmable period after a ventricular paced or sensed event in which sensed atrial events do not initiate timing cycles or inhibit atrial pacing. PVARP may prevent the tracking of retrograde atrial events initiated in the ventricle that could trigger PMT in a dual chamber device programmed to a tracking mode. • The initial section of PVARP is the cross-chamber blanking period (composed of absolute refractory and noise window) followed by the fixed refractory period • Events that fall into the absolute refractory window of cross-chamber blanking are not sensed or marked • Events that fall into the noise window are marked as [AS]; there is no noise window for SMART blanking • Events in fixed refractory are marked as (AS), (AF), or (PAC) • Although sensed events in the PVARP fixed refractory window do not initiate timing cycles, they do count toward ATR Entry Counts, AFR, and are included in counters/hi...

  Lead­less pace­mak­ers should be con­sid­ered when: no up­per ex­trem­i­ty ve­nous ac­cess ex­ists,  risk of de­vice pock­et in­fec­tion is par­tic­u­lar­ly in­creased, and in  pa­tients on haemodial­y­sis. Watch the above video to get an idea how Leadless Pacemaker looks like on fluoroscopy. Leadless Pacemakers: A Revolutionary Advancement in Cardiac Pacing Leadless pacemakers, also known as self-contained or miniaturized pacemakers, represent a significant breakthrough in cardiac pacing technology. These tiny devices are implanted directly into the heart, eliminating the need for leads, which can often be a source of complications. In this article, we will delve into the world of leadless pacemakers, exploring their design, benefits, implantation procedure, and potential complications. Design and Functionality Leadless pacemakers are small, self-contained devices that combine the pacemaker generator and electrode into a single unit. They are typically 1-2 cm in length...