Dr. Usman's Cardiology Notes

See the figure shown and answer the following questions a)       Describe the aortic pressure tracing b)       Describe normal Atrial pressure tracing c)        Describe atrial pressure tracing in tricuspid regurgitation d)       Effect of Tamponade on atrial pressure tracing Answers: a.       When aortic valve opens, pressure increases as blood flows into the aorta and reaches its maximum. Pressure falls as blood flows out of aorta and aortic valve closes   b.       " a " wave corresponds to right Atrial contraction and its peak demarcates the end of atrial systole. The " c " wave corresponds to right ventricular Contraction causing the tricuspid valve to bulge towards the RA. The " x " descent follows the 'a' wave and corresponds to atrial relaxation and rapid atrial filling due to low pressure. The " v " wave correspon...

A 25 years old female presented in cardiology clinic with DOE for last 6 months, now worsened cough to affect her daily activities, she also complained of intermittent palpitations. On examination her BP was 100/60mmHg with regular pulse of 90bpm, pedal edema and giant ‘a’ wave on JVP. Auscultation revealed soft S1 and mid-diastolic rumble at apex and sternal end. Murmur accentuated on expiration as well as on leg raising and squatting. Lungs were clear. ECG showed bi-atrial enlargement a)       What is diagnosis? b)       What is the reason for soft S1 and giant ‘a’ wave in JVP c)       Why diastolic murmur accentuated on leg raising and squatting d)       What are some of the limitations of calculating PH based on TR jet Answers: a. MS and TS b. Soft S1 is due to severely calcified valve and giant ‘a’ wave is due to TS c. Increased venous return and flow through stenotic tricuspid val...