Dr. Usman's Cardiology Notes

  Case 73 : FINDINGS & DIAGNOSIS: Parasternal Long axis view showing enlarged left atrium measuring 52 mm, PLAX and PSAX views indicating normal LV systolic function. Apical four chamber view is showing bi-atrial dilation. Pulse Wave (PW) doppler profile along with tissue doppler imaging (TDI) is suggestive of restrictive pattern. Together these findings fit into the diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy. (RCM)  How to measure left Atrium in PLAX view:  LA is measured at End-systole (ECG: The end of T wave), at the level of the aortic sinuses, and perpendicular to the long axis of the LA posterior wall. Normal value is less than 40 mm in males.  How to measure LA Volume Index:  It is measured by biplane simpson method by using apical four chamber and two chamber view and indexing with body surface area (BSA).  How to measure Right Atrium in Apical four chamber view:  RA Major: Its the length measured from center of valve annulus to center of supe...

A 50 year old female presented with shortness of breath, six months after her cardiac surgery. She is non compliant to her medications. Try to spot the findings on the basis of echocardiography clips shown, answer is given after thirty seconds with recap of echo clips with labelled findings. Case 49 : FINDINGS & DIAGNOSIS: Transesophageal Echocardiography is showing a restricted motion of one of the hemidisk of prosthetic mitral valve, with mild mitral regurgitation. Mean gradient across mitral valve is 7.5 mmHG, suggesting possible stenosis due to thrombosis. ==========================================  👉 Subscribe for more Videos 👉 Share this video 👉 Watch other educational videos: ✅ WATCH 🎥: Echocardiography Standard Protocol Step by Step ✅ WATCH 🎥: Echo MOCK Exam Part 1: Thirty Echo Cases in 30 minutes null ========================================== #echo #echocardiography #cardiology #heart #cardiologytoacs #echocase #cardiologyfellow

 A four year old child presented with poor weight gain and recurrent respiratory tract infections. Try to spot the findings on the basis of echocardiography clips shown, answer is given after thirty seconds with recap of echo clips with labelled findings. Case 47 : FINDINGS & DIAGNOSIS: Transthoracic Echocardiography short axis view is showing a turbulent flow towards pulmonic valve suggesting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), CW interogation of PDA confirms systolic and diastolic flow across PDA. Also note the marked enlargement of RV as compared to the size of LV. ========================================== 

  View Echo Findings Here:

  If you are just starting to learn echocardiography, you will find that learning the full echo examination protocol will be immensely useful. The full protocol will provide a solid foundation for your career in echo. I personally found that once I could execute the standard protocol flawlessly, I was able to add and refine additional echo scanning skills while deepening my understanding of the purpose of each echo image. The echo protocol illustrated in this article is the same one we currently use for all our patients in the hospital and meets or exceeds the standards of American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) for an adult echocardiography examination. The protocol presented here is meant as a guideline and does not cover every aspect (such as off axis views) of an echo examination. Also other hospitals will probably have slight variations of this protocol depending on the lab's needs, which is normal. This article's main purpose is to provide a solid foundation for ...