Dr. Usman's Cardiology Notes

Eccentric Mitral Valve Regurgitation: A Clinical Overview Mitral regurgitation (MR) is one of the most common valvular heart conditions encountered in cardiology practice. It occurs when the mitral valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to leak backward from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. While central MR jets are often straightforward to diagnose, eccentric mitral regurgitation presents a unique diagnostic challenge due to its atypical jet direction, variability in auscultatory findings, and sometimes deceptive imaging features. A strong understanding of its mechanisms, clinical presentation, and echocardiographic assessment is essential for accurate diagnosis and management.   Understanding Eccentric Mitral Regurgitation Eccentric MR refers to a regurgitant jet that is directed toward one of the atrial walls, rather than flowing centrally into the left atrium. This pattern often results from asymmetric mitral valve pathology, such as prolapse of a ...

Above video demonstrate the10 Basic Views to master in Intracardiac Echocardiography also known as ICE, presented in simple form with real time images labeled with important structures. Home view is usually the first view when we insert intra-cardiac echo catheter or ICE catheter into right atrium.  Types of Intracardiac Echocardiography:   There are two types of ICE - phased array and radial. ○ Phased array: more common as it creates a view that is easier to interpret as it resembles a TTE or TEE. ○ Radial ICE: greater resolution, but is more difficult to interpret and is best for discriminating near-field structures and therefore requires transseptal puncture to visualize left heart structures. Process: ● Insert catheter through the femoral vein up through the IVC to the right atrium (most commonly), “the home base” for the ICE catheter. The catheter can also be inserted via the right IJ or left subclavian and then through the SVC however this will give “upsidedown” image...

Types of Ventricular Septal Defects and their Echocardiogram Features:   BROWSE FREE ECHO LIBRARY HERE >>  Ventricular septal defects are the most common congenital heart defects, accounting for approximately 25% of all congenital heart defects. A ventricular septal defect is a hole in the septum, the wall of tissue that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart. There are several types of ventricular septal defects, each with distinct echocardiogram features. Membranous ventricular septal defects are the most common type, accounting for approximately 75% of all ventricular septal defects. They occur in the membranous portion of the septum, near the aortic valve. On echocardiogram, a membranous ventricular septal defect appears as a hole in the membranous septum, typically located near the aortic valve. Turbulent flow through the defect is visible on color Doppler, and left-to-right shunting of blood is visible on spectral Doppler. Muscular ventricular septal ...

In this MOCK Exam there are twenty five echocardiography cases, each case is of about one minute. Take this Echocardiography Quiz and score yourself out of 25 :-) 💡 But here's the best part – we don't leave you hanging! After each case, we provide clear and concise answers, walking you through the diagnostic process step-by-step. By the end of the series, you'll feel confident in your ability to tackle even the most challenging echocardiographic cases. 🎓 Whether you're studying for exams, preparing for board certification, or simply aiming to enhance your clinical practice, this collection is your ultimate guide to mastering echocardiography.   👉 Subscribe for more Videos  👉 Share this video to spread knowledge #Echocardiography #Cardiology #MedicalEducation #Echocardiogram #DiagnosticImaging #CardiovascularHealth #MedicalPractice #ClinicalSkills #CardiologyCases #MedEd Echocardiography For Beginners  Mastering Echocardiography: A Comprehensive Guide for Begin...

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Unmasking the Molecular Mysteries Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) stands as one of the most prevalent genetic cardiovascular disorders, characterized by the abnormal thickening of the heart muscle, especially the left ventricle. Despite being recognized for over a century, the intricate genetic architecture underlying HCM has remained a subject of intense scientific inquiry. Recent advancements in genomics have paved the way for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving this condition, offering hope for more precise diagnostics and targeted therapies. Watch these Echocardiography Videos of HCM, and its variant known as Yamaguchi syndrome:     The Genetic Code HCM exhibits a complex inheritance pattern, with the majority of cases arising from mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins, the fundamental components of cardiac muscle contraction. Genes such as MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, TNNI3, and others have been implicated, with muta...